Exploring Latvia: A Journey Through Culture, Scenery, and Cuisine
Latvia, one of the Baltic States, is a destination that enchants visitors with its natural beauty, rich history, and dynamic cultural scene. From its stunning coastline along the Baltic Sea to the vibrant capital of Riga and the tranquil beauty of its national parks, Latvia is an often-overlooked gem that offers plenty to explore. On top of that, Latvian cuisine is hearty and reflective of the country’s long-standing traditions, featuring ingredients that have been staples for centuries.
Whether you're an adventurer seeking outdoor experiences, a history buff fascinated by medieval castles, or a foodie eager to try unique regional dishes, Latvia has something for everyone. Let’s dive into some of Latvia’s top destinations and its delightful culinary offerings.
1. Riga: A Vibrant Capital Full of History and Flavor
The capital city, Riga, is often the first stop for travelers in Latvia, and for good reason. With its stunning Art Nouveau architecture, medieval Old Town, and lively cultural scene, Riga blends history and modernity seamlessly.
Exploring Riga
Riga’s Old Town (Vecrīga) is a UNESCO World Heritage site, where cobblestone streets, medieval buildings, and historic churches create a charming atmosphere. Some of the must-visit landmarks include St. Peter’s Church, with its towering spire offering panoramic views of the city, and the House of the Blackheads, a Gothic building that tells the story of Riga’s mercantile past.
Riga is also known for its exceptional collection of Art Nouveau buildings—the highest concentration in Europe. Head to Alberta iela (Alberta Street) to see ornate facades, decorated with elaborate sculptures, mythological creatures, and floral designs. Art lovers will also enjoy the Latvian National Museum of Art, showcasing works by Latvian artists spanning centuries.
For those interested in Latvia’s Soviet history, the Museum of the Occupation of Latvia provides an insightful look into the country’s years under Soviet rule, a sobering reminder of Latvia’s complex past.
Eating in Riga
Riga’s culinary scene offers a wonderful introduction to Latvian cuisine, which is known for its simplicity, freshness, and reliance on local ingredients. Start with a hearty bowl of skābeņu zupa, a sorrel soup made with sorrel leaves, potatoes, eggs, and sometimes pork. This tangy, refreshing soup is a favorite, especially in the spring and summer months when sorrel is in season.
Another must-try dish is pelēkie zirņi ar speķi, which translates to "grey peas with bacon." Grey peas are similar to chickpeas and are cooked with crispy smoked bacon and onions, making for a filling and flavorful meal. This dish is often served during the winter months and is especially popular around Christmas.
For those with a sweet tooth, try Riga’s Black Balsam, a traditional herbal liqueur that’s often mixed into cocktails or served with hot coffee or tea. It's a local specialty with a distinct flavor profile, thanks to its blend of herbs, roots, and berries.
A visit to Riga’s Central Market is also a must for food lovers. Housed in massive former zeppelin hangars, this market is one of Europe’s largest and offers everything from fresh produce and meats to smoked fish, cheeses, and baked goods. It’s the perfect place to sample local flavors or buy picnic supplies.
2. Jūrmala: Latvia’s Coastal Escape
Located just a 30-minute drive from Riga, Jūrmala is Latvia’s premier seaside resort town. With its wide sandy beaches, pine forests, and historic wooden villas, Jūrmala has been a popular destination for those seeking relaxation and fresh sea air since the 19th century.
Exploring Jūrmala
The main draw of Jūrmala is its beach, which stretches for more than 30 kilometers along the Gulf of Riga. The golden sand, calm waters, and cool breezes make it an ideal spot for sunbathing, swimming, or simply taking a leisurely stroll along the shore. Dzintari Beach is the most famous and often the busiest, but if you venture further away from the center, you’ll find quieter stretches of sand.
In addition to its natural beauty, Jūrmala is known for its wooden architecture, particularly the 19th-century summer villas that were once home to wealthy holidaymakers. Stroll along Jomas Street, Jūrmala’s main pedestrian street, lined with cafes, shops, and restaurants, and take in the charming blend of old and new buildings.
For those interested in wellness, Jūrmala is famous for its spas and sanatoriums, offering a range of treatments from mud baths to mineral water therapies. It’s the perfect place to unwind after exploring Latvia’s cities and countryside.
Eating in Jūrmala
Seafood is a highlight in Jūrmala, thanks to its location along the coast. One of the must-try dishes is baltā zivs, or "white fish," which is usually freshly caught from the Baltic Sea and simply grilled or smoked to preserve its delicate flavor. Pair it with some locally grown vegetables or potatoes, and you have a perfect seaside meal.
For a sweet treat, try Jūrmala kūka (Jūrmala cake), a light sponge cake filled with cream and often topped with fresh berries. It’s a local specialty and can be found in many of the town’s cafes and bakeries.
3. Gauja National Park: Latvia’s Natural Wonderland
For nature lovers and outdoor enthusiasts, Gauja National Park is a must-visit destination. Located in the Vidzeme region, about an hour’s drive from Riga, it’s the largest national park in Latvia and offers a diverse landscape of forests, rivers, cliffs, and ancient caves.
Exploring Gauja National Park
One of the main attractions in the park is Sigulda, often referred to as the "Switzerland of Latvia" due to its hilly terrain and picturesque scenery. Sigulda Castle and the nearby Turaida Museum Reserve are two of the most popular historic sites, offering insights into Latvia’s medieval history. From the castle towers, you can enjoy breathtaking views of the Gauja River Valley.
For a unique adventure, explore the Gutmanis Cave, the largest cave in the Baltics and a place steeped in local legends. The cave walls are covered with inscriptions dating back centuries, and the cave itself is said to have healing properties.
Hiking and cycling are popular activities in Gauja National Park, with numerous trails that take you through forests, along riverbanks, and past historic ruins. In the winter, the park transforms into a wonderland for cross-country skiing and snowshoeing.
Eating in Gauja National Park
After a day of outdoor exploration, refuel with karbonāde, a breaded pork cutlet that’s typically served with potatoes, pickled vegetables, and a side of diļļu mērce (dill sauce). This dish is a classic in Latvian cuisine and can be found in many traditional restaurants throughout the park area.
Another hearty option is aukstā gaļa, which translates to "cold meat." It’s a jellied pork dish, often served with horseradish or mustard, and is a popular appetizer or side dish, especially in rural Latvia.
For something sweet, try kliņģeris, a traditional Latvian pretzel-shaped pastry often filled with marzipan or nuts and decorated with sugar or almonds. It’s commonly served at celebrations but can also be found in cafes and bakeries throughout the region.
4. Kuldīga: Latvia’s Charming Medieval Town
Tucked away in western Latvia, Kuldīga is one of the country’s most charming and well-preserved medieval towns. With its narrow streets, wooden houses, and beautiful surroundings, Kuldīga offers a peaceful retreat from the hustle and bustle of the larger cities.
Exploring Kuldīga
One of Kuldīga’s most famous landmarks is the Venta Rapid (Ventas Rumba), which is the widest waterfall in Europe. Though only about 2 meters high, its width stretches across the Venta River, creating a stunning natural spectacle. In spring, locals gather to watch fish leap over the waterfall during the spawning season.
Stroll through Kuldīga’s Old Town, where you’ll find colorful wooden houses and charming courtyards that date back to the 17th and 18th centuries. The town has retained much of its historic character, making it feel like you’ve stepped back in time.
Eating in Kuldīga
Kuldīga’s small but cozy restaurants offer a taste of traditional Latvian cuisine with a focus on local ingredients. A popular dish to try is biezpiena sieriņš, a Latvian cottage cheese dessert often coated in chocolate or mixed with fruit. It’s a light, sweet snack that pairs well with coffee or tea.
For something more savory, try buberts, a semolina pudding often served with a tart berry sauce. This dish is a staple in Latvian homes and is especially comforting during the colder months.
5. Cēsis: History and Nature Combined
Another gem in the Vidzeme region is the town of Cēsis, known for its medieval castle, historic buildings, and proximity to Gauja National Park. It’s a destination that combines history, culture, and nature, making it a perfect stop for those wanting to experience all that Latvia has to offer.
Exploring Cēsis
The highlight of Cēsis is its medieval castle, which dates back to the 13th century. Visitors can explore the castle ruins, climb the towers, and learn about the town’s history through interactive exhibits. Next to the medieval ruins stands the Cēsis New Castle, a beautiful manor house surrounded by gardens and parkland.
Cēsis is also a great base for exploring the surrounding countryside, including the rolling hills, forests, and rivers of Gauja National Park. It’s an ideal spot for hiking, cycling, or simply enjoying the scenic views.
Eating in Cēsis
In Cēsis, you’ll find traditional Latvian dishes that reflect the country’s love for simple, hearty food. A must-try dish is rupjmaize, a traditional dark rye bread that is often served with butter or cheese. It’s a staple of Latvian cuisine and can be found in almost every meal, from breakfast to dinner.
For dessert, try rupjmaizes kārtojums, a layered dessert made with rye bread crumbs, whipped cream, and fruit (usually lingonberries or cranberries). It’s a delicious combination of sweet and tangy flavors and a favorite among locals.
Conclusion: Latvia, A Hidden Gem with Rich Flavors
Latvia is a country that offers a rich tapestry of experiences, from its historic cities and medieval towns to its breathtaking natural landscapes and hearty, flavorful cuisine. Whether you’re wandering the cobblestone streets of Riga, relaxing on the beaches of Jūrmala, or exploring the pristine wilderness of Gauja National Park, Latvia is a destination that will leave you with lasting memories.
And when it comes to food, Latvian cuisine is as diverse and intriguing as the country itself. From traditional dishes like grey peas with bacon and pork cutlets to sweet treats like rye bread desserts, the flavors of Latvia are sure to delight any traveler with a love for authentic, local cuisine